Research Guides: Citing Sources: Citation-Sequence

Overview

The CSE Citation-Sequence format uses superscripts in-text (aka, within the body of your paper) at the end of the paraphrased or direct quote, numbered in the order they appear.

Example

In-Text

Poor water quality brought about in part by urbanization has led to the dramatic decline of axolotls in Xochimilco.¹ Scientists believe that...

References

1. Voss SR, Woodcock MR, Zambrano L. A Tale of Two Axolotls. Bioscience. 2015;65(12):1134-1140.

NOTE

Begin listing your references at the end of your paper on a new page with the heading "References," "Cited References," "Literature Cited," or "Bibliography."
References are ordered numerically, by the order the citations appear in your paper.
Use a hanging indent on citations in your references page that are more than one line. The first line is flush to the left. Second and subsequent lines are indented (tab once).

Citation Breakdown (Citation-sequence and Citation-name):

Examples

Journal Articles

CSE requires that you cite a source in the format you saw it. If you read a journal article online, cite it as such rather than as if you saw it physically in print.

Basic Format

Author AB, Author CD. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Inclusive Pagination.

Example

Voss SR, Woodcock MR, Zambrano L. A Tale of Two Axolotls. Bioscience. 2015;65(12):1134-1140.

Article from a Library Database

Format

Author AB, Author CD. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Inclusive Pagination. In: Database Title [Internet]. Publisher Location: Publisher; [accessed Year Month Day]. Available from: URL. (Database document ID if applicable).

Example

Voss SR, Woodcock MR, Zambrano L. A Tale of Two Axolotls. Bioscience. 2015;65(12):1134-1140. In: JSTOR [Internet]. New York (NY): Ithaka Harbors, Inc.; [accessed 2019 Feb 11]. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/90007510.

Article from Elsewhere Online (i.e. publisher's website)

Format

Author AB, Author CD. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year [accessed Year Month Day];Volume(Issue):Inclusive Pagination. URL. doi:...

Example

Voss SR, Woodcock MR, Zambrano L. A Tale of Two Axolotls. Bioscience. 2015 [accessed 2019 Feb 12];65(12):1134-1140. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/12/1134/223981. doi:10.1093/biosci/biv153.

Websites

For websites, you should attempt to include at least the author or organization, a place of publication and publisher, date of publication, and extent of item.

Basic Format

Author(s). Title of webpage. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of publication [date updated; date accessed]. URL

Example

Axolotl. Washington (DC): National Geographic Society; c1996-2019 [accessed 2019 Feb 11]. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/amphibians/a/axolotl/

Books

CSE requires that you cite a source in the format you saw it. If you read a book online or in electronic form, cite it as such rather than as if you saw it physically in print.

Print Book

Basic Format

Author(s). Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date. Extent. Notes.

Example

De Chesnay M, Anderson BA. Caring for the vulnerable: perspectives in nursing theory, practice, and research. 3rd ed.

Burlington (MA): Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2012.

e-Book

Basic Format

Author(s). Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date of publication [date updated; date accessed]. Notes.

Example

Winters CA. Rural nursing: concepts, theory, and practice. 4th ed. New York (NY): Springer Publishing; 2013 [accessed 2020

May 15]. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/saintanselm-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1153136.

Book Parts & Contributions

Parts

Chapters, sections, tables, charts, graphs, photographs, appendixes, etc. are considered parts of books if written by the author(s) of a book. CSE requires a reference to start with the individual or organization responsible for the intellectual content of the publication. So for a part of a book, begin with the information about the book itself and then add information about the part. If the part is written by someone other than the author(s), it is considered a contribution.

Format

Author(s). Title of book. Edition. Place of publication (): Publisher; Date of publication. Name of the part and any numeration,

Title of part; extent.

Example

Wagner JH. Hernias: types, symptoms and treatment. Hauppauge (NY): Nova Science Publishers. 2011. Chapter 5, Hiatal

hernias: classification, pathophysiology and treatment; p. 91-110. (Public health in the 21st century series).

Contributions

If a book part is written by someone other than the author(s), it is considered a contribution. Begin a reference to a contribution with information about the contribution, followed by “In:” and information about the book as a whole.

Format

Author(s) of contribution. Title of contribution. In: Author(s) or Editor(s) of book. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication ():

Publisher; Date of publication. Extent. Notes.

Example

Lussier K, Smith K, William R. Chapter 25, Nutrition for the cancer patient. In: Steen RG, Mirro J. Childhood cancer: a

handbook from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital with contributions from St. Jude clinicians and scientists.

Cambridge (MA): Perseus Publishing; 2000. p. 243-254.

* If the book had editors, add a comma after the last editor's name, and then add "editors." before putting in the title of the book.