Research Guides: Citing Sources: Name-Year

Overview

The CSE Name-Year format uses a parenthetical citation consisting of the author(s)' last name and year (Lastname Year).

Example

Cancer is best treated through a combination of drugs that often must be administered in a certain order (Rodman and Reed 2000).

* For 3 or more authors, provide only the first author's name followed by "et al." and the year.

Example

... has been extensively researched (Smith 2001; Roberts 2004; Andrews 2010; Phillips and Bowman 2015).

* For more than one in-text citation at the same point, arrange them in earliest to latest order separated by a semicolon and space.

Example

(Brown 1992, 1995).

* If citing multiple texts by the same author with different years, put the years after the name in ascending order.

Example

(Brown 1992a, 1992b).

* If the references are by the same author for the same year, assign letters to the year according to month from earliest to latest, or if a specific date cannot be identified, go in alphabetical order of the title.

Example

(Brown J 1992; Brown R 1992).

* For authors with identical surnames, add their initials.

NOTE

Begin listing your references at the end of your paper on a new page with the heading "References," "Cited References," "Literature Cited," or "Bibliography."
References are ordered alphabetically by author, and then numerically by year if citing more than one work by the same author.
Use a hanging indent on citations in your references page that are more than one line. The first line is flush to the left. Second and subsequent lines are indented (tab once).

Citation Breakdown (Name-Year):

Examples

Journal Articles

CSE requires that you cite a source in the format you saw it. If you read a journal article online, cite it as such rather than as if you saw it physically in print.

Basic Format

Author AB, Author CD. Year. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Title. Volume(Issue):Inclusive Pagination.

Example

Voss SR, Woodcock MR, Zambrano L. 2015. A Tale of Two Axolotls. Bioscience. 65(12):1134-1140.

Article from a Library Database

Format

Author AB, Author CD. Year. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Title. [accessed Year Month Day];Volume(Issue):Inclusive Pagination. In: Database Title [Internet]. Publisher Location: Publisher; [accessed Year Month Day]. Available from: URL. (Database document ID if applicable).

Example

Voss SR, Woodcock MR, Zambrano L. 2015. A Tale of Two Axolotls. Bioscience. 65(12):1134-1140. In: JSTOR [Internet]. New York (NY): Ithaka Harbors, Inc.; [accessed 2019 Feb 11]. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/90007510.

Article from Elsewhere Online (i.e. publisher's website)

Format

Author AB, Author CD. Year. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal Title. [accessed Year Month Day];Volume(Issue):Inclusive Pagination. URL. doi:...

Example

Voss SR, Woodcock MR, Zambrano L. 2015. A Tale of Two Axolotls. Bioscience. [accessed 2019 Feb 12];65(12):1134-1140. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/12/1134/223981. doi:10.1093/biosci/biv153.

Websites

For websites, you should attempt to include at least the author or organization, a place of publication and publisher, date of publication, and extent of item.

Basic Format

Author(s). Date of publication. Title of webpage. Place of publication: Publisher; [date updated; date accessed]. URL

Example

Axolotl. c1996-2019. Washington (DC): National Geographic Society; [accessed 2019 Feb 11]. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/amphibians/a/axolotl/

Books

CSE requires that you cite a source in the format you saw it. If you read a book online or in electronic form, cite it as such rather than as if you saw it physically in print.

Print Book

Format

Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

Example

De Chesnay M, Anderson BA. 2012. Caring for the vulnerable: perspectives in nursing theory, practice, and research. 3rd ed.

Burlington (MA): Jones & Bartlett Learning.

e-Book

Format

Author(s). Date of publication. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; [date updated; date accessed]. Notes.

Example

Winters CA. 2013. Rural nursing: concepts, theory, and practice. 4th ed. New York (NY): Springer Publishing; [accessed 2020

May 15]. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/saintanselm-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1153136.

Book Parts & Contributions

Parts

Chapters, sections, tables, charts, graphs, photographs, appendixes, etc. are considered parts of books if written by the author(s) of a book. CSE requires a reference to start with the individual or organization responsible for the intellectual content of the publication. So for a part of a book, begin with the information about the book itself and then add information about the part. If the part is written by someone other than the author(s), it is considered a contribution.

Format

Author(s). Date. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication (): Publisher. Name of the part and any numeration, Title of part;

extent.

Example

Wagner JH. 2011. Hernias: types, symptoms and treatment. Hauppauge (NY): Nova Science Publishers. Chapter 5, Hiatal

hernias: classification, pathophysiology and treatment; p. 91-110. (Public health in the 21st century series).

Contributions

If a book part is written by someone other than the author(s), it is considered a contribution. Begin a reference to a contribution with information about the contribution, followed by “In:” and information about the book as a whole.

Format

Author(s) of contribution. Name of the part and any numeration, Title of contribution. In: Author(s) or Editor(s) of book. Date of

publication. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication (): Publisher. Extent. Notes.

Example

Lussier K, Smith K, William R. Chapter 25, Nutrition for the cancer patient. In: Steen RG, Mirro J. 2000. Childhood cancer: a

handbook from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital with contributions from St. Jude clinicians and scientists.

Cambridge (MA): Perseus Publishing. p. 243-254.

* If the book had editors, add a comma after the last editor's name, and then add "editors." before the year.